Monday 23-03-2026 5:38am

Top end saturated

The Northern Territory’s Top End has been left absolutely saturated by the severe Tropical Cyclone Narelle as the system approaches the coast. The category 3 system, which crossed the Queensland coast on Friday as a powerful category 4 cyclone, is expected to cross the eastern Top End coast overnight on Saturday between Birany Birany and Numbulwar before tracking across the Top End as a tropical low today and into tomorrow. Severe Tropical Cyclone Narelle is now beginning to impact coastal areas of the northeastern Northern Territory, the Bureau of Meteorology said last night. NT Police Commissioner Martin Dole told ABC’s 7.30 the Top End was absolutely saturated. All of the catchments are full, run-off is going to be swift, rivers are going to react and rise very quickly, Mr Dole said. He said the community is well-prepared following predictions the Katherine Catchment may be hit hard by rainfall. What I can say is we're well-prepared for that, he said. We've pre-deployed resources to Katherine. A boil water alert was issued by NT Health for those in Umbakumba, Angurugu, Milyakburra, Yirrkala and Numbulwar on Saturday evening. Residents have been urged to use cooled boiled water or bottled water for drinking, preparing food, preparing baby formula and brushing teeth. About 500 Numbulwar residents were expected to be evacuated and flown to Darwin earlier yesterday, NT Health said. A warning zone was issued for Nhulunbuy to Port Roper including Groote Eylandt, Numbulwar, Alyangula, Bulman, Ngukurr and Umbakumba last night. The King George River Mouth to the WA/NT border was under a watch zone as of Saturday night. Very destructive winds with gusts of up to 185km/h are expected to form in coastal areas between Birany Birany and Numbulwar last night and into today. Heavy rain that could lead to flash flooding may develop along coastal and adjacent inland areas over the eastern Top End, the Bureau said. Those between Gapuwiyak and Numbulwar, including Groote Eylandt and Nhulunbuy were earlier urged to stay inside until the cyclone has passed, while those between Nhulunbuy and the Nathan River have been encouraged to commence or continue preparations immediately.


 SPORT:

Japan too good for Aussies

Who won? In the AFL: Fremantle, St Kilda and Gold Coast while in the NRL: the Rabbitoes, Dolphins and Warriors were all victorious. Not so the Matildas. [click to continue reading]

The News Sport Network reported perfection is what the Matildas needed to beat Japan to the Asian Cup trophy and they just couldn't deliver that on Saturday night.

But there is no shame in losing 0-1 to a better team.

A world-class team.

Matildas were in the battle from the start but Japan capitalised on the chances it created, while the Matildas squandered theirs.

Credit must be given to the Matildas who are the only team to pose a challenge to Japan this tournament.

It wasn't the fairytale ending the Matildas - who haven't won a tournament in 16 years, wanted - especially in front of 74,397 strong crowd at Accor Stadium.

It’s the third time Japan have beaten Australia 1-0 in an Asian Cup final — the first was in 2014 and the second in 2018.

Japan are a world class outfit - the goal scored by Maika Hamano from outside the box in the 17th minute proved that.

Matildas were in the contest though and limited Japan’s all-class lineup to just one goal.

A clever tactical change from Joe Montemurro had the Matildas midfield spread wide, stretching Japan and restricting their ability to effectively press the ball.

Matildas were able to use the space - especially down the wings - with Mary Fowler and Catlin Foord heavily involved.

As both coaches said before the match, finals are won in moments.

And the Matildas just didn't have that magic touch last night — perhaps they had used their luck allocation to get through their close encounters with South Korea and North Korea.


 CHATTER:

The coming Man Mountain exhibition by renowned Murrurundi artist Jelle van den Berg in God's Waiting Room alongside the museum. The painting is called Herd and will be on show for the three days of the Murrurundi Festival March 27-29.
♦♦♦♦
And as for the cricket! Rochel won 8-215 yesterday's finals in Scone while Murrurundi was all out for 113 in 30 overs out spies tell us.

 NEWS:

🎪 Labor landslide
and a One
Nation swing

South Australian premier Peter Malinauskas has laid out a vision for a progressive patriotism that embraces both national symbols and cultural diversity, after winning a landslide poll in which One Nation won more primary votes than the Liberals and rocked the establishment, Jack Quail, Noah Yim and Thomas Henry Stephen Lunn report in The Australian today. [click to continue reading].

In a declaration that was unusual for a state premier in an election he was expected to win, the premier recited Henry Lawson’s poem 'The Duty of Australians' as he urged the nation to back a more laid-back, kinder patriotism that respected the flag and the anthem, while being less brash than nationalism in Europe and America.

His speech came as Pauline Hanson’s populist party was on track to secure second place in primary votes — a historic result for a non-Labor or Coalition aligned party in a post-Second World War election.

One Nation won the seat of Hammond and elected three MPs to South Australia’s upper house but it was unclear if it would win any other lower house electorate despite swings of up to 30 and 40% in some outer suburban and rural areas.

Labor increased its already commanding position in the lower house was on track to win more than 30 seats in the 47 seat chamber.

South Australia’s two party statewide preferred vote gave Labor a nearly 59% lead to the Liberals' 41% — putting Mr Malinauskas in the company of ALP election heroes like Anthony Albanese, wartime prime minister John Curtin and ex-West Australian premier Mark McGowan.

As he gave One Nation and the Liberal equal time as opposition parties in his victory speech, the Premier said his colleagues must not read Labor’s victory as adulation and asked South Australians to embrace their national identity and each other.

In an attempt to wrestle back the patriotism debate from Senator Hanson, Mr Malinauskas said no group in society could be left behind when the state and the nation faced such uncertain times.

We can, and we should wave our flag with pride, knowing that Aussie patriotism sometimes means sitting with a stranger and having a cuppa, or a frothie and arguing about the footy. Not our faith, he said.

The Liberals under state leader Ashton Hurn were reduced to a rump in a devastating result, losing at least four seats to Labor and facing losing more, despite a small swing against the state government of nearly three per cent.

Ms Hurn said there was still hope for the Liberal cause because the party had not been reduced to zero seats.

One Nation, led locally by ex-Liberal recruit Cory Bernardi, is polling strongly in pockets of outer-suburban Adelaide and SA’s regions, with its statewide primary ballooning by X points, early counting shows.

While the party is competitive across several rural electorates, preference flows will determine whether it can convert that support into a lower house breakthrough. Still, Mr Bernardi secured an upper house seat, with One Nation also in contention for a second.

One Nation, at time of writing, was coming in second on the overall primary vote and showed that months of polling that showed it could eclipse the Liberal Party on the popular vote was, in fact, entirely within the realm of possibility.

One Nation increased its primary vote swing in almost every electorate by two-digit percentage point swings.

This largely ate into the Liberals but also into Labor in some seats.


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🏙 Eleven
business a
day collapse

Nearly 700 NSW businesses have collapsed in just 60 days as a perfect storm of interest rate hikes, cost-of-living pressures and soaring fuel costs push operators to breaking point, Jake McCallum, Harrison Finlay and Anna Shreeves write in the Sunday Telegraph newspaper today. [click to read more]

Businesses are under pressure not seen since the darkest days of Covid and face the prospect of closing down or laying off staff as the Iran War blows up the cost-of-living crisis.

Already this year, almost 700 businesses have collapsed amid a perfect storm of cost-of-living, the Iran war and interest rates being hiked.

New Australian Securities and Investments Commission data shows 689 businesses in NSW entered liquidation between January 5 and March 1, with economists and industry leaders warning more small businesses are on the brink of collapse.

Australia’s biggest businesses, including Uber, Virgin, Qantas, Coles and Woolworths have already begun increasing or foreshadowed significant adjustments to their charges as they respond to rapidly spiralling fuel costs and the knock-on supply chain effects.

Small Business Association Australia chief executive Anne Nalder called on the commonwealth to consider offering businesses financial assistance, similar to what was provided in Covid to ensure they survive.

We have to ask ourselves, do we want a whole pile of business owners to go bust, because if they go bust they could affect another small business they owe money to, then you've got this domino effect, she said.

Restaurant and Catering Australia chief executive John Hart said the hospitality industry had begun to see the price increases for food and beverages over the past two weeks, with the cost of goods likely to pass on to the consumer in a matter of weeks.

Business Western Sydney executive director David Borger said operators in NSW were being slugged more than any other state or territory.

The industry leader said the state government needed to urgently remove the NSW Emergency Services Levy to reduce rocketing insurance premiums, along with reforming the payroll tax system, which he called a fee on success".

As businesses get bigger and bigger, they get taxed more (under the payroll tax scheme), he said.

It’s the most inefficient tax in Australia — there should be a way of driving it down.

Social demographer Mark McCrindle said rising labour and input costs from spikes in fuel prices and energy bills, as well as a recession-minded consumer sentiment, could spark mass business closures.

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🚢 Hypocrisy
of the
free world

A fifth of the world’s oil passes through the waterway. Now Iran has shut it down and the US has responded with force, Megan Palin and Natalie Brown write on the news.com.au website today. [click to read more]

The US has launched the longest field artillery strike in Army combat history using precision strike missiles against Iran, according to the military.

Admiral Brad Cooper, head of US Central Command, revealed on Saturday that US forces took out Iranian military infrastructure, demonstrating the US Military’s unmatched reach and lethality in an effort that took place two days earlier.

So far, we've struck over 8,000 military targets, including 130 Iranian vessels, constituting the largest elimination of a Navy over a three-week period since World War II, he added.

He also claimed that Iran’s ability to threaten the Strait of Hormuz has now been degraded following the bombing of an underground facility where it stored cruise missiles and other weaponry.

Iran has choked the channel, through which around a fifth of the world’s crude oil and liquefied natural gas passes during peacetime.

The US statement appeared designed to calm the concerns of energy markets and of Washington’s sceptical international allies, more than 20 of whom issued a statement vowing to back efforts to re-open the key sea lane.

Admiral Brad Cooper, head of US Central Command, said US war planes had dropped 5,000-pound bombs on an underground facility on Iran’s coast that was storing anti-ship cruise missiles, mobile launchers and other equipment.

We not only took out the facility but also destroyed intelligence support sites and missile radar relays that were used to monitor ship movements, Cooper said in a video statement, revealing details of a strike first announced on Tuesday.

A statement from the leaders of mainly European countries, including the UK, France, Italy and Germany, but also South Korea, Australia, the UAE and Bahrain, condemned the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz by Iranian forces.

We express our readiness to contribute to appropriate efforts to ensure safe passage through the Strait. We welcome the commitment of nations who are engaging in preliminary planning, they said.

As consumers count the cost of attacks on energy facilities in the Gulf, including the world’s largest gas hub, US President Donald Trump has slammed NATO allies as cowards and urged them to secure the strait.

Ed: While we parade naval prowess and struggle for petrol and diesel but won't do anything about it like send them to the Middle East to ease the oil pressure!!!!.

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🏫 Public or
private —
which is best?

Across Australia’s outer suburbs, more parents are picking private over public schools. What’s behind the trend? The uptick in enrolments is sharpest in urban growth areas, with parents seeking the best opportunity they can get for their children, Stephanie Convery writes on today's Guardian website. [click to continue reading].

When Ana Mulipola and her husband, Walter, moved to Caroline Springs in Melbourne’s outer west 22 years ago it was literally just us, she says. We had no neighbours. It was a blank canvas.

They hadn't thought much about their future children’s education when they built their home in the greenfields development but, as the suburb has grown around them, so has their family. When it came time, they chose to send their three boys to a Catholic primary school.

It started off being a family request, Mulipola says, noting both she and her husband come from heavily religious backgrounds. We both agreed that the kids would go to a Catholic primary school at the very least … [but] the one thing that has always made me back the decision to put them into a Catholic school is just that there is a common denominator. There’s common values.

The Mulipolas are one of an increasing number of families opting to send their children to private school rather than public school — a trend most noticeable on the outer fringes of Australia’s major cities.

Data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in early March showed that the percentage of students enrolled in public schools has fallen to another record low.

Enrolments in government schools grew by just 5% in the decade between 2016 and 2025, while Catholic school enrolments grew by 8% and independent school enrolments by 31%.

This is largely the consequence of governments not meeting funding targets for public schools over a long period of time, while simultaneously funnelling large amounts of money to private schools, Emma Rowe, an associate professor in education at Deakin University, says.

While federal school funding is tied to a needs-based measure, capital funding is not. Private schools persistently and disproportionately benefit from commonwealth capital funding, recent research from the Australian Education Union shows.

The average grant to those public schools that received capital funding in 2023 was $75,492 ∼ equating to just under 7% of the average grant provided to private schools ∼ $1,098,334.

The effect of capital funding cannot be underestimated, Rowe says, and such deep inequity should be considered a national crisis.

“The one big thing that gets parents in the door, absolutely without a doubt, is the buildings.

They say it time and time again. They walked into that school and they were blown away by the gym facilities, or the football pitch, or the fact that it has a concert hall.

Presenting schooling as a matter of parental choice is a problem because it turns a right into a commodity, she says. Education shouldn't be seen as a consumerist good because it's too closely linked to social mobility, life outcomes, a healthy democracy.

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😡 $2200 for
Nazi symbols

A man who had swastikas spray-painted on his council-issued garbage bin for six years has been fined $2200 after he was a no-show in court, Sam Rigney reports in the Newcastle Herald today. [click to continue reading].

Jamie Michael Wilson, 44, failed to appear in Cessnock Local Court on Thursday after he was charged last month as part of a crackdown on publicly displayed Nazi symbols in the wake of the Bondi anti-Semitic terror attack.

By 3pm, when it was clear he was not going to attend to face a charge of knowingly display a Nazi symbol by public act without reasonable excuse, Wilson was convicted in his absence and fined $2200.

According to court documents, police received a tip-off on January 31 this year that Wilson had Nazi swastika symbols on his council-issued bins.

Police went to his house in Mitchell Close on February 5 and spoke to Wilson, who said he had spray-painted the symbols on his bin about six years earlier.

Police said they could see that Wilson had two large Nazi symbols tattooed on his upper chest.

Wilson said he had the tattoos done while he was in jail and he was always mindful about covering the tattoos when in a public place as he had previously been stabbed due to the tattoos, according to a police statement.

Police said Wilson was co-operative and was willing to wipe the spray-paint off but police photographed and seized the bin and he was charged.

Wilson’s arrest comes after a number of people in the Hunter have been charged with displaying Nazi symbols in a public place in the wake of the Bondi terror attack in December.
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 COMMENT:

Murrurundi Times news site with items covering national news and Upper Hunter region including the township of Murrurundi
It is a joke that Australia can't even muster a single warship to send to Iran, reportedly because the navy is too enfeebled, Miranda Devine in New York City writes in the Daily Telegraph today. [click to read more]

What sort of country lets its military run down to such a pathetic level?

A country that has no self-respect, a country that has given up defending itself, a country that allows Chinese fighter jets to aggress its military aircraft, and a Chinese warship to deploy sonar weapons to injure its navy divers. All without expelling a single Chinese diplomat. Just rude letters to Beijing for the amusement of the CCP.

Australians are dreaming if they think it’s a given that the US will steam to the rescue if China comes knocking.

An increasingly isolationist and inward-focused America is here to stay, and Donald Trump has already made it clear that his country has no patience for freeloaders.

President Trump has excoriated allies like Australia, Japan, Italy and Germany who refused to join his efforts to reopen the Hormuz Strait.

Some are countries that we've helped for many, many years, he said on Monday. We've protected them from horrible outside sources, and they weren't that enthusiastic. And the level of enthusiasm matters to me.

In fairness, why should American taxpayers sacrifice 3.5 per cent of GDP in military spending to defend Australia when Australia only spends 2 per cent of its GDP to defend itself?

Labor appears to have plenty of money for the NDIS welfare boondoggle currently soaking up marginally less taxpayer money than defence 𕱼 and growing at about 20 per cent a year.

Meanwhile, productivity growth in Australia has fallen to zero. What a disgrace.

Laziness and complacency have turned a land of legendary initiative and ingenuity into a gigantic, sunburnt sitting duck.

Australia has fought alongside the United States in almost every war since World War I. Now it can't manage a single warship to help its old ally in the Strait of Hormuz.

The enfeebled nature of Australia’s military today is an insult to past generations who gave their lives for our freedom.

This la la land attitude will lead Australia to a rude shock. Like Hemingway’s bankruptcy, a nation’s ruin happens gradually, then suddenly. Ed: Welcome back Miranda.


Murrurundi Times news site with items covering national news and Upper Hunter region including the township of Murrurundi
Jurgen Habermas spent decades arguing that modern democracy had the resources to save itself. By the time he died last week, aged 95, he had concluded that those resources were collapsing Henry Ergas writes in the The Australian today. [click to read more]

The gap between the magnificence of his life’s work and the bleakness of its ultimate conclusion measures what has been lost. Not just a towering philosopher, but a fundamental conviction: that reason and politics could work together.

Habermas was that faith’s last great defender. Its core was simple. Democracy does not just need its formal structures; it needs citizens who know how to argue.

Not shout, not posture but submit their views to the judgment of others and even change their minds. Habermas ∼ born with a cleft palate, acutely alive to the power and purpose of speech ∼ called this the force of the better argument and considered it the only legitimate basis of political power.

This was Western modernity’s great achievement: that when it is asked why?, authority must answer — with answers that withstand scrutiny. Authority could no longer rest on God or tradition. It could only rest on consent: reasoned, revisable, formed through public argument.

Robust democratic institutions are essential

Having grown up under Nazism, one question haunted him: When authority can always be challenged, what prevents societies from disintegrating into chaos or falling prey to those who promise to end the argument?

Robust democratic institutions were clearly essential. But also vital was what he called a public sphere. It had emerged in the coffee houses of 18th-century London and Paris, where citizens argued about politics free of court and church. Over two centuries it grew into a dense network of associations, newspapers and journals, radio and television: a whole civilisation of informed, contentious public life.

Now, he warned, that fabric was in tatters — the shared space in which citizens had learned to argue, to listen, to be surprised.

Old media, for all its faults, filtered. Editors decided what mattered. Reporters had to justify claims. Stories passed through people whose credibility depended on not being wrong. Then the internet created an enormous space in which those protections were absent.

Anonymity compounded the damage. It gave voice to those the gatekeepers had shut out. But it also dissolved the oldest constraint on public speech: the knowledge that you would be held to account. Mask the speaker’s identity and every inhibition against bad faith, abuse and sheer fantasy goes with it. Even free speech’s staunchest defenders ∼ Milton, Defoe and Mill ∼ feared it rendered freedom of expression unsustainable: but the internet made it ubiquitous.

Unchallenging conversations

The result is not a richer conversation but the dissolution of the conditions for any conversation at all.

Crucial in that dissolution are the echo chambers Ô less because their inhabitants see more of what they already believe than because they stop encountering views that genuinely surprise or radically challenge them. Without real otherness, there is no real argument, only endless amplification of entrenched beliefs. The shared world that democratic discourse requires shatters into hermetic fragments.

This, Habermas suggested, is not solely, or even mainly, a failure of technology. It is a failure of character. Democracy calls for a particular kind of person: one a vigorous public sphere historically helped nurture.

The thinkers Habermas grew up with ∼ Adorno and Horkheimer, steeped in Freud ∼ had made this central to their project. Democratic citizenship requires psychological maturity: citizens strong enough in ego to renounce the fantasy of omnipotence, to tolerate uncertainty, to engage with genuine otherness without falling into projection or rage — or turning to violence.

The culture of the 1960s set out to overthrow the disciplines that sustained that maturity ethic. What replaced them was not liberation. Psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan had described how the ego is first constituted through a mirror ∼ through identification with its own image ∼ and how the movement from that imaginary self-absorption to genuine engagement with others is never fully secure. What the 1960s unleashed was a reversion to the permanently adolescent self, craving recognition rather than truth, for whom life is a theatre and to live is to be applauded.

The reflection of itself

Social media’s echo chamber universalised that condition and gave it political form. Surrounded only by reflections of itself, the self no longer encounters the otherness that alone can discipline its demands, train its impulses and instil what Tocqueville called democracy’s habits of the heart. Without them, what follows is antinomianism: the narcissistic refusal of any authority that does not mirror the untamed self’s own convictions. The psychological conditions for submitting to the force of the better argument are no longer being reproduced.

The result is what we see on our streets, in universities and cultural institutions: the neo-idiocy of the highly instructed but semi-educated Adorno had diagnosed in 1967. And it is what Habermas sensed returning, with a vengeance, after October 7, 2023, when he condemned the wave of antisemitism he regarded as a sure sign of democratic collapse.

Worse still, philosophy itself was providing neo-idiocy with a fraudulent conceptual justification. Postmodernism was, for Habermas, nihilism’s latest incarnation. His answer to it was communicative reason: the proposition that it is analytically and practically impossible to make sense of knowledge without reference to an objective world, against which claims to truth can be co-operatively and rigorously tested.

Abandon those suppositions and you destroy the conditions for rational criticism. Terrifyingly, it reminded Habermas of Heidegger and his acolytes, who had lent their talent to Germany’s descent into the abyss — which is why he attacked postmodernism with such vehemence that Derrida accused him of adopting a warrior tone. Post-modernism’s epigones, and we have many, he dismissed as wanting the glory of intellect without its hard labour.

Laws not the answer

Habermas offered no truly credible solutions. He believed regulation could force platforms to change.

But you cannot pass a law restoring people’s willingness to be wrong. Nor can you fine your way to intellectual seriousness. And regulation cannot recreate what has been lost: the patience to follow a complex argument, the basic trust that the other side is not simply your enemy.

From birth to death, Habermas was a man of the left. More often than not, I found his politics wrongheaded. But there is a world of difference between disagreeing with a thinker and watching his tradition die. His vast erudition, the astonishing breadth, depth and subtlety of his arguments, his insistence on taking every objection seriously — these were the fruits of a left formed by centuries of the Western intellectual tradition. We have to stand by our traditions, he insisted, if we do not want to disavow ourselves.

Look at what has replaced it. Derrida was personally harmless, his weapons footnotes and impenetrable jargon. Those Habermas called red fascists are not: contemptuous of argument, quick to reach for intimidation, egged on by postmodern academics who preach rather than teach.

With Habermas, a whole culture of the serious left draws to a close. Those of us who spent decades grappling with it are the losers too. The greatest curse, Mill warned, is stupid opponents: ones who never force you to sharpen your wits. Habermas, ever faithful to Kant’s motto ∼ Dare to Know! ∼ always did. May he rest in peace.



 OVERSEAS:

Book withdrawn because it was written by Ai

This was the week in which the economic consequences of the US and Israel going to war with Iran began to take shape in Britain, Jeremy Griffin, executive editor, The Times writes. Steven Swinford has the latest from the heart of government. After Binyamin Netanyahu's remarks that a "ground component" would be required to truly dismantle the Islamic Republic, Richard Spencer and Charlie Parker explain the scenarios in which such an operation could unfold. Meanwhile, David Charter is surely not alone in noticing the silence of the Maga vice-president, JD Vance. At first, Keeleigh Goodwin dismissed her aches and chills as the symptoms of just a bug or, at worst, Covid. That was before the onset of one of the most painful headaches she had ever experienced and her eventual collapse with meningitis. Keeleigh had been to Chemistry, the nightclub visited by University of Kent students at the centre of this week's outbreak. From her hospital bed, she helps Lara Wildenberg and the team to piece together the origins of a super-spreader event. The first thing I noticed when I picked up a copy of our interview with Billy Idol was a picture proving he was in the office recently. No one told me. I wanted to ask him about his role in The Wedding Singer. Luckily, Michael Odell caught up with the world's unlikeliest philosophy undergraduate and put better questions to him than I would have. After drug overdoses, motorbike crashes and the discovery of a son he never knew he had, Idol is about to go on tour at 70. Which is fitting, because as someone once said, it's a nice day to start again. If you're a parent and your talent for the role is anything like mine (the jury's out) it's possible you also use what I call the toy-soldier approach: point the children in what you hope is the right direction and see how they go, aiming to intervene if you sense a fall approaching. Is that the right tactic when it comes to teenage boys and the toxic influencers who inhabit the so-called manosphere? Anna Maxted asks the experts and discovers how to talk about it with our sons. A decade after the National Crime Agency raised the alarm over county-lines gangs, the criminals who run them are adapting with new drugs, grooming tactics and sales methods. Journalists for The Times spent months shadowing police investigators and attending raids as we sought to understand the impact of these networks on communities and young people across Britain. Crime editor David Woode has the exclusive. You can also download a special, accompanying episode of The Story from wherever you get your podcasts. Finally, we've officially made it to astronomical spring. Congratulations. In a week the clocks will go forward and it'll be G&Ts round mine until October. In the meantime, start planning some proper days out. Weekend have compiled the most glorious gardens to visit now. Looking further ahead, the arts team guides you towards the best music festivals to book for summer.






The Murrurundi Times is owned, compiled and written by Des Dugan. Email